The downfall of Cleopatra Battle of Actium
Mark Antony and Cleopatra are defeated by Octavian in the Battle of Actium. Facing capture, Cleopatra commits suicide, marking the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty.
Mark Antony and Cleopatra are defeated by Octavian in the Battle of Actium. Facing capture, Cleopatra commits suicide, marking the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty.
Cleopatra allies with Roman general Mark Antony, further solidifying her influence over Egypt and forming an opposition to Octavian, later known as Augustus.
Cleopatra gives birth to a son, Caesarion, who is believed to be the son of Julius Caesar.
Cleopatra forms a political and romantic alliance with Roman general Julius Caesar, strengthening her grip on power in Egypt.
Cleopatra receives a comprehensive education in languages, philosophy, and diplomacy. She becomes co-regent with her father and later her brothers, and eventually becomes the sole ruler of Egypt.
Cleopatra VII, the last ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, is born in Alexandria.
Massinissa’s reign over Numidia and his alliance with Rome leave a lasting impact on the history of Africa and the Mediterranean region.
Massinissa supports the Romans in the Third Punic War, contributing to the destruction of Carthage.
Massinissa establishes himself as the ruler of Numidia and begins to expand his territory.